A network monitoring system is capable of detecting and reporting
failures of devices or connections. It normally measures the processor
(CPU) utilization of hosts, the network bandwidth utilization of links, and other aspects of operation. It will often send messages (sometimes called watchdog
messages) over the network to each host to verify it is responsive to
requests. When failures, unacceptably slow response, or other unexpected
behavior is detected, these systems send additional messages called alerts to designated locations (such as a management server, an email address, or a phone number) to notify system administrators.
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